在Tony Gentilcore的部落格上有一篇主題為「 "Deadlifts Are One of the Worst Things You Can Do For Your Spine" (硬舉是對待脊椎最糟糕的事情之一!)」的文章,一塊來看看。
有人說:「硬舉是對待脊椎最糟糕的事情之一(Deadlifts are one of the worst things you can do for your spine.)」你同意嗎?提供以下六點供大家參考。
要點一:Wolff’s Law及Davis’s Law。
你不能低估物理現象。Wolff’s Law:「健康人士的或動物的骨骼將會順應外來的負荷」而 Davis’s Law 對於 Wolff’s Law 再加上補充「軟組織也將順應外來的負荷,負荷愈多,軟組織愈高.負荷愈少,軟組織愈軟。」
【硬舉 = 強壯骨骼 + 軟組織】。為了讓組織適應,你需要一個最小必須的張力(Minimal Essential Strain, MES)。同樣地,為了強化組織,你需要外在負荷。但 Leg Extensions 及 Leg Curls 動作沒辦法做到這點。(以下是六角槓硬舉影片)
要點二:若我們看Nachemson Chart的峰值,你會看到「長時間駝背坐姿」幾乎跟你在做硬舉時的壓縮負荷來的多。
※ Nachemson Chart:椎間盤內壓(intradiscal pressure)對於壓縮負荷的反應。
而根據這點,我的好友 Bret Contreras 說到:
顯然,比起大重量的硬舉,經常坐著不會給你更高的椎間盤內壓。但我十分地同意,久坐比起硬舉來的更為有危。你得長時間的承受椎間盤內壓,再加上幾種的機制造成坐姿減少臀部的活化,機制包括:「軟組織上的壓縮、髖屈肌的神經相互抑制、因為身體適應短縮的髖屈肌群,髖伸終端的範圍受到抑制。」
原文:Obviously regular sitting wouldn’t give you more intradiscal pressure than really heavy deadlifts, but I would definitely agree that prolonged sitting is more deleterious on the spine than deadlifting. You’ve got prolonged intradiscal pressure, plus sitting decreases glute activation by several mechanisms : compression on the tissue, neurological reciprocal inhibition of the hip flexors, and mechanical inhibition of end range hip extension due to adaptive shortening of hip flexors.
要點三:我的偏好。
你很難說服我說「硬舉不是肌肥大最好的全身動作之一」,更何況它是最好的功能性動作,可以訓練到後側鍊的肌力、穩定穩定度、髖部活化、爆發力發展等。如果這說服不了你的話,這領域最聰明的人物之一「Gray Cook」在所錄製的DVD中說「每個人應該在訓練計劃中包含硬舉」。
要點四:當操作不當時,對於脊椎,硬舉是個很可怕糟糕的動作。
我、Eric Cressey、Mike Robertson、Bret Contreas及其他無數的教練指出「如果教導正確 - 保持脊椎自然自立及適當的髖關節鉸鏈(Hip Hinge) - 比起其它動作,硬舉更能建構一個強壯的身體」。此外,Bret 指出,硬舉動作教導臀部來分享負荷、免去脊椎的負荷。
要點5:當談到下背研究,就不得不找 Dr. Stuart Mc Gill 這位大人物。
他寫了二本書 Ultimate Back Fitness and Performance及Low Back Disorders,並且說到軀幹的伸展肌群(longissimus, iliocostalis, 豎脊肌erector spinae, etc)在對抗脊椎上的剪切力時做了非常好的工作。
要點6:提供智慧/研究來揭穿這無稽之談。
Granhed et al. (1987) found that powerlifters were able to sustain 4,824 lbs of compressive loading during the deadlift. Theoretically this load is too high for the spine to handle. According to the authors, “the study showed that intensive training will increase the bone mineral content (BMC) to an extent that the spine can tolerate extraordinary loads.”
Karlsson et al. (1993) showed that weightlifters possess 10% greater total body bone density and 13% greater lumbar bone density than controls. Studies by Sabo et. al. (1996), Granhed et al. (1987) and Bennell et al. (1997) confirm this research. A study by Karlsson et al. (1995) suggests that these increases in bone density are maintained for many years following cesation of lifting.
Research by Brinckmann et al. (1989) and Granhed et al. (1987) support the notion that the axial compressive strength of the lumbar spine is directly related to bone density. Researchers showed that the greater the annual loads lifted, the greater the lumbar bone density adaptations.
看了以上的要點,你還是覺得硬舉對脊椎不好嗎?最後附上一個硬舉的解剖動畫。